Epidemiological and Microbiological Profile of Nosocomial Infection in Taif Hospitals, KSA (2010-2011)

The nosocomial infection rate within the study period (January 1 December 31, 2010) was highest during January and lowest during December, while it was highest during May and August and lowest during January in 2011. The investigated 170 specimens for nosocomial infection showed that 51.7 and 48.3% had community-acquired and nosocomial infection, respectively. Nosocomial infection included respiratory tract infection (RTI) 32.3%, urinary tract infections (UTI) 25.3%, blood infections (BI) 18.2% and surgical site infections (SSI) 12.9%.The predominant Gram-positive isolates (31.7%) were methicillin resistant Staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) 10.2%, coagulase negative Staphylococcal (CNS) 8.5% and Staphylococcal aureus (SA) 7.4%. The predominant Gram-negative isolates (66.3%) were Escherichia coli (E. coli) 22.3%, Pseudomonas areoginosa (PA) 17.6% and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) 9.9%. Candida spp. represented 2% of total isolates. E. coli was the commonest isolate from UTI 47.7%, followed by KP 15.1% and PA 8.1%. RTI isolates were PA 44.4%, MRSA 14.8% and Acinetobacter spp. 12%. BI isolates were KP 23.3%, CNS 16.7% and E. coli 15%. SSI isolates were E. coli 25.6%, MRSA 18.6% and MSSA 14%. Anti-microbial sensitivity patterns were studied for various micro-organisms, pointed that, Acinetobacter spp. and MRSA were highly sensitive to Imipenem 88.6% and Vancomycin 98.5% respectively. E.coli were highly sensitive to most of the antimicrobial agents except Ampicillin 26.6%. Abbreviations: NNIS : National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance. HAI : Hospital-Acquired Infections.